Seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot versus abordaje laparoscópico convencional / Safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus conventional laparoscopic approach

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica se considera actualmente la opción de tratamiento más eficaz para la obesidad mórbida. El bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux sigue siendo el estándar de oro en cirugía bariátrica. El advenimiento de la robótica quirúrgica ha llevado a una reducción de algunos de los desafíos más difíciles en la laparoscopia avanzada. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que incluyo 50 pacientes con distintos grados de obesidad divididos en dos grupos de 25 cada uno. Se realizó una base de datos con las variables de acuerdo al tipo de abordaje quirúrgico (robótico y laparoscópico), registrando los días de estancia hospitalaria, sangrado, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones, reingresos hospitalarios, complicaciones y disminución del IMC. Resultados: En el grupo laparoscópico se observó un sangrado transoperatorio de 115.8+64 mililitros, en el grupo robótico solo fue de 59.6+45.8 mililitros (p<0.001). Un tiempo quirúrgico laparoscópico de 151.8+34.6 minutos, mientras que el grupo robótico fue de 216.4+50 minutos, los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados 4.2+2.4 días en el grupo laparoscópico, los pacientes del grupo robótico 3.4+1 días, sin diferencia significativa (p=0.077). En ambos grupos no hubo reingresos hospitalarios. En el grupo laparoscópico la disminución de IMC fue de 8.9+2.5, mientras que para el grupo robótico fue de 13.7+2.3 con significancia estadística (p<0.001). Discusión: El bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot es más seguro y eficaz en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. El abordaje robótico disminuye de forma significativa el sangrado transoperatorio, disminuye los días de estancia hospitalaria (sin diferencia significativa) y reduce de forma significativa la disminución del IMC, sin aumentar los reingresos hospitalarios a 30 días ni las complicaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity. The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains the gold standard in bariatric surgery. The advent of surgical robotics has led to a reduction in some of the most difficult challenges in advanced laparoscopy. Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared to the laparoscopic approach. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out that included 50 patients with different degrees of obesity divided into two groups of 25 patients each. A database was created with the variables according to the type of surgical approach (robotic and laparoscopic), recording the days of hospital stay, bleeding, surgical time, complications, hospital readmissions, complications, and BMI decrease. Results: In the laparoscopic group, intraoperative bleeding of 115.8+64 milliliters was observed, in the robotic group it was only 59.6+45.8 milliliters (p<0.001). A laparoscopic surgical time of 151.8+34.6 minutes, while the robotic group was of 216.4+50 minutes, the patients remained hospitalized 4.2+2.4 days in the laparoscopic group, the patients in the robotic group 3.4+1 days, with no significant difference (p=0.077). In both groups there were no hospital readmissions. In the laparoscopic group, the decrease in BMI was 8.9+2.5, while for the robotic group it was 13.7+2.3 with statistical significance (p<0.001). Discussion: Robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more safe and effective compared to the laparoscopic approach. The robotic approach significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding, decreases the days of hospital stay (with no significant difference), and significantly reduces the decrease in BMI, without increasing 30-day hospital readmissions or complications.

Tecnología aplicada al cuidado de enfermería: wereables, apps y robótica

La tecnología y la inteligencia artificial ganan cada vez más espacio en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del paciente: los wearables, las apps mHealth y los dispositivos basados en la tecnología robótica son un apoyo para el personal de salud de enfermería. A través del método hermenéutico se analizaron los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica de documentos seleccionados en Pubmed, Scielo y ELSEVIER, para describir el estado del arte de las wearables, apps y dispositivos tecnológicos que pueden ser empleados en el cuidado enfermero; lo que constituyó el objetivo de la presente investigación. Se procesaron diecisiete artículos y tres informes. Los resultados se muestran en tres categorías donde se identificaron: tres wereables, ocho aplicaciones móviles y tres robots que se emplean en enfermería. Se concluye que los wereables, las aplicaciones móviles y la robótica tienen hoy día una presencia trascendente en los espacios de cuidado y atención de salud y que acercan al personal de enfermería a sus pacientes. La tecnología no suple el cuidado de enfermería, pero si constituye una herramienta de apoyo en su quehacer.

Technology and artificial intelligence are gaining more and more space in patient diagnosis, treatment and monitoring; wearables, mHealth apps and devices based on robotic technology are a support for nursing health personnel. Through the hermeneutical method, the bibliographic review was carried out with the analysis and interpretation of the selected documents in Pubmed, Scielo and ELSEVIER: seventeen articles and three reports were processed. The results are shown in three categories identified as: three wearable, eight mobile applications and three robots used in nursing. The conclusion is that wearables, mobile applications and robotics today have a significant presence in healthcare spaces nursing staff closer to their patients. Technology does not replace nursing care but it is a support tool in their work.

Treino de marcha robótica em pacientes com paralisia cerebral: uma análise retrospectiva / Robotic gait training in patients with cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis

Objective: The present study sought to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of robotic gait training in children with cerebral palsy (CP) gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels II, III and IV. Method: The medical records from 69 patients with CP, who participated in the Lokomat® protocol, were analyzed using a retrospective approach. The results from the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), 6-minute walk test (6MinWT), 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were analyzed before and after the protocol was administered. Results: An improvement in GMFM was observed for all GMFCS levels. GMFCS level III patients showed a significant improvement in the 6MinWT (p= 0.01), and GMFCS level IV patients displayed a significant improvement in GMFM dimension B (p= 0.03). All tests showed a significant improvement when compared to their performance before the application of the protocol. Conclusion: The study suggests that all patients diagnosed with CP benefit from gait training, using the Lokomat® system, within their expected motor frame.

Objetivo: Verificar retrospectivamente a eficácia do treino de marcha com robótica (Lokomat®) em pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) níveis II, III e IV da Medida da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS). Método: Análise retrospectiva descritiva do prontuário de 69 pacientes com PC que realizaram o protocolo da Lokomat®. Os resultados do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), teste de caminhada de 10 metros (TC10M), Timed Up and Go (TUG) e da Avaliação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFM) foram realizados e analisados pré e pós protocolo. Resultados: Foi observada uma melhora no GMFM para pacientes de todos os níveis do GMFCS. Pacientes GMFCS nível III apresentaram melhora significativa do TC6M (p= 0,01) e pacientes GMFCS nível IV apresentaram melhora significativa da dimensão B do GMFM (p= 0,03). Todos os testes mostraram melhoras significativas quando comparados aos resultados antes da aplicação do protocolo. Conclusão: O estudo sugere que todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de PC se beneficiaram do treino de marcha com uso da Lokomat® dentro de seu quadro motor esperado.

Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI): Time to focus on the pros and cons

Aim: To assess the safety, efficiency, and device compatibility of the Second Generation Robotic System. Methods: Data on Robot-Assisted PCI (RePCI) is frequently insufficient in India. Many articles were published in national, non-indexed journals that are not available online and are difficult to obtain. Recognizing these constraints, the current review is intended to compile the available data on this important new innovation technique. This review could encourage future research and serve as a valuable source of information. Results/Conclusion: In terms of procedure efficiency, operator radiation reduction, and safety, the recent implementation and development of second-generation robotic systems have had a significant impact on interventional cardiology. This technology will play a significant role in the future of interventional cardiology as advancements eliminate the need for manual assistance, improve devices compatibility, and expand the use of robotics for telestenting procedures. A larger study demonstrating the safety and feasibility of tele-stenting over greater geographic distances, as well as addressing fundamental technical difficulties, would be required before attempting RePCI

Implementation and outcomes of HugoTM RAS System in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

ABSTRACT Background The results and benefits of Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) are already established in the literature. However, new robotic platforms have been released recently in the market and their outcomes are still unknown. In this scenario, our objective is to describe our experience implementing the HugoTM RAS robot and report the clinical data of patients who underwent Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed fifteen consecutive patients who underwent RARP with HugoTM RAS System (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) from June to October 2021. The patients underwent transperitoneal RARP on lithotomy position, using six trocars (4 robotic trocars and 2 for the assistant). We reported the clinical feasibility and safety of this platform, assessing perioperative data, including complications and early outcomes. Continuous variables were reported as median and interquartile ranges, categorical variables as frequencies and proportions. Results and Limitations All procedures were safe and feasible with no major complications or conversion. Median operative time was 235 minutes (213-271), and median estimated blood loss was 300ml (100-310). Positive surgical margins were reported in 5 patients (33%). The median hospitalization time was 2 days (2-2), and the median time to remove the foley was 7 days (7-7). On the first appointment four weeks after surgery, all patients had undetectable PSA values, and 61% were continent. Conclusions We described preliminary results with safe and feasible procedures performed with HugoTM RAS System robotic platform. The surgeries were successfully executed with acceptable perioperative outcomes, without conversions or major complications. However, as this technology is very recent, further studies with a long-term follow-up are awaited to access postoperative functional and oncological outcomes.

Efecto de la retroalimentación visual sobre la velocidad de la marcha después de un accidente cerebrovascular: diseño de caso único / Effects of Visual Feedback on Walking Speed for Stroke Patients: Single-case Design

Introducción. La recuperación de la marcha es uno de los principales objetivos en rehabilitación después de un ACV. Basados en los principios de aprendizaje motor, se han desarrollado nuevas estrategias en neurorrehabilitación basadas en la práctica repetitiva, orientada a la tarea y la retroalimentación. Esto último ha demostrado ser una de las variables clave para el entrenamiento, por su fácil obtención y manipulación. Sin embargo, aún no existen estudios concluyentes que permitan identificar el efecto real de esta variable y su influencia en la recuperación y el desempeño funcional de la marcha. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la retroalimentación visual sobre la velocidad de la marcha después de un accidente cerebrovascular en adultos con estadios subagudos y crónicos. Metodología. Diseño de caso único de línea de base múltiple, aleatorio no concurrente de cuatro participantes. Se evaluó la velocidad de la marcha determinando las diferencias en el nivel, la tendencia, la estabilidad de los datos y la no superposición de datos mediante el análisis visual basado en la documentación técnica para diseños de caso único de la What Works Clearinghouse. Resultados. Cuatro participantes con rango de edad de 19 a 73 años fueron incluidos en el estudio. El cambio en el nivel para todos los participantes demostró un incremento en los valores de la velocidad de la marcha después de la introducción de la intervención (media: 0.76 m/s). El análisis visual de la tendencia estimó aceleración para la línea de intervención para tres participantes. Los datos en la fase de base e intervención cumplieron el criterio de estabilidad medido con el método de banda de dos desviaciones estándar (media: 0.05 m/s); los patrones de cambio demostraron efecto inmediato con mejoría gradual durante la intervención para los participantes 1, 3 y 4. El porcentaje de no superposición de datos mostró efectividad de la intervención para tres de los participantes (PND >91.67%). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos presentados en este estudio representan un aporte científico que respalda la pertinencia del uso y aplicación de los principios de aprendizaje motor para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias en rehabilitación motora. Sin embargo, este estudio constituye un primer paso para realizar estudios más robustos que incluyan replicación de las fases en el estudio y la evaluación del seguimiento para determinar la permanencia de los efectos a largo plazo.

Introduction. Gait recovery is one of the main goals in post-stroke rehabilitation. Based on the principles of motor learning, new strategies have been developed in neurorehabilitation based on repetitive, task-oriented practice, and feedback. The latter has proven to be one of the most critical variables for training, because it is easy to obtain and manipulate. However, there are still no conclusive studies to identify the real effect of this variable and its influence on recovery and functional gait performance. Objective. To determine the effect of visual feedback on gait speed after stroke in adults with subacute and chronic stages.Methodology. Single-case, multiple baseline, non-concurrent randomized, and four-participant design. Gait velocity was assessed by determining differences in level, trend, data stability, and nonoverlapping data using visual analysis based on technical documentation for single-case designs from the What Works Clearinghouse.Results. Four participants ranging in age from 19 to 73 years were included in the study. The change in level for all participants demonstrated an increase in gait velocity values after the introduction of the intervention (mean: 0.76 m/s). Visual trend analysis estimated acceleration for the intervention line for three participants. The data in the baseline and intervention phase met the stability criterion measured with the two standard deviation band method (mean: 0.05 m/s); patterns of change demonstrated immediate effect with gradual improvement during the intervention for participants 1, 3, and 4. The percentage of nonoverlapping data showed effective-ness of the intervention for three of the participants (PND >91.67%).Conclusions. The findings presented in this study represent a scientific contribution that supports the relevance of the use and application of motor learning principles for the development of new strategies in motor rehabilitation. However, this study constitutes a first step towards more robust studies that include replication of the phases in the study and follow-up evaluation to determine the permanence of long-term effects.

De-Airing Maneuvers After Minimally Invasive and Robotic-Assisted Intracardiac Procedures

ABSTRACT In the setting of minimally invasive and robotic-assisted intracardiac procedures, de-airing requires further technical considerations due to limited access to the pericardial space and the subsequent difficulty of directly manipulating the heart. We summarize the technical steps for de-airing according to different cannulation strategies for minimally invasive and robotic-assisted intracardiac procedures.

Early curative effects of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty for valgus knee / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the early curative effects of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of valgus knee.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 40 patients with valgus knee who had been treated by TKA at Department of Orthopaedics, The 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army from January to December 2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether a robot had been used or not for TKA. In the observation group of 15 cases for which TKA was assisted by a robot, there were 4 males and 11 females with an age of (65.5±6.2) years, and the disease course was 42 (36, 54) months; in the control group of 25 cases for which conventional TKA was performed, there were 8 males and 17 females with an age of (65.8±7.5) years, and the disease course was 42 (36, 60) months. Surgical time, hemoglobin decrease, and knee joint range of motion, American Knee Society Score (KSS), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) at 12 months after surgery were compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The surgical time in the observation group was (148.0±21.2) min, significantly longer than that in the control group [(115.2±7.1) min], and the hemoglobin decreased by (11.8±1.1) g/L in the observation group, significantly less than that in the control group [(18.1±1.8) g/L] ( P<0.05). The observation group and the control group were followed up for 13 (13, 14) and 13 (13, 14) months after surgery, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). At 12 months after surgery, the KSS knee score, KSS functional score, and knee range of motion in the observation group were (86.1±4.6) points, (86.9±3.1) points, and 115.7°±5.0°, significantly larger than those in the control group [(82.2±3.5) points, (82.8±0.9) points, and 108.2°±5.0°] ( P<0.05). Reexamination of full-length radiographs of both lower limbs in all patients showed good positions of the prostheses and no such adverse events as loosening or sinking at 12 months after surgery. The HKA (178.5°±1.2°) and LDFA (89.1°±0.7°) at 12 months after surgery in the observation group were significantly larger than those in the control group (176.6°±1.5°, 88.2°±8.2°) ( P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in MPTA between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of valgus knee, robot-assisted TKA can correct joint deformity, and achieve precise osteotomy and functional alignment of lower limbs, leading to better early curative effects than conventional TKA.

A clinical randomized controlled trail of an intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term efficacy between our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system and conventional freehand reduction assisted by fluoroscopy in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures by robot or fluoroscopy-assisted internal fixation with percutaneous screws.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to include eligible 35 patients with unstable pelvic fracture who were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2021 to October 2022. They were randomized into 2 groups. The observation group[17 cases, 10 males and 7 females with an age of (44.0±17.4) years] was treated with robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction, followed by robot-assisted or fluoroscopic internal fixation with percutaneous screws; the control group[18 cases, 12 males and 6 females with an age of (38.8±15.0) years] was treated with freehand reduction assisted by fluoroscopy, followed by robot-assisted or fluoroscopic internal fixation with percutaneous screws. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding, successful reduction, reduction quality, incidence of surgical complications and postoperative functional scores.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between them ( P>0.05). The intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency[(32.4±17.5) times] and fluoroscopy time [(19.8±10.4) s] in the observation group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group [(60.8±26.6) times and (38.2±16.1) s], and the rate of successful reduction in the observation group was 100.0% (17/17), significantly higher than that in the control group[72.2% (13/18)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in intraoperative bleeding, operation time, reduction error, excellent and good rate of reduction after operation by Matta scoring, or Majeed functional score at 12 weeks after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures, since our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system can plan autonomously the reduction paths and accomplish minimally invasive reduction of the fracture with 3D images real-time monitoring, it is advantageous over conventional reduction methods in a higher success rate and less radiation exposure.

Research progress in application of artificial intelligence to intraoperative navigation assisted by an orthopedic robot / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Orthopedic robots, as intelligent medical devices, have achieved good outcomes in clinical application in some orthopedic surgeries. Artificial intelligence (AI) has played an important role in the development of orthopedic robots due to its powerful capabilities of information processing and decision-making. The developing trends of orthopedic robotics are automation and intelligentization. Since AI has demonstrated great advantages in preoperative planning, an increasing number of researchers have been devoted to AI application in intraoperative navigation by an orthopedic robot. This paper outlines the exploratory efforts in applying AI technology to the intraoperative navigation assisted by an orthopedic robot, describes the advantages of AI in improving accuracy and reducing radiation, and forecasts research prospects in application of AI technology to orthopedic robots based on the current situation.

Application of digital orthopedic technology in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中华创伤杂志

The incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) is increasing year by year. OVCF is manifested by thoracolumbar back pain, kyphosis and limitation of motion, which severely reduces the quality of life and life expectancy of the patients. It is often caused by minor violence with an insidious onset, and has a high rate of missed diagnoses on routine examination. Currently, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are effective treatments for OVCF, but postoperative complications such as cement leakage and vertebral re-fracture occur often. Digital orthopedic technology is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline that combines computer digital technology with orthopedic clinics. As a new orthopedic clinical technology, digital orthopedic technology is pushing the boundaries of spinal surgery research and clinical application due to its advantages in individualization, precision, and minimally invasiveness, and is currently at a rapid development stage with high endurance and high throughput. To this end, the authors outlined the current application of digital orthopedic technology in OVCF, so as to provide a reference for achieving rapid and accurate diagnosis of OVCF and formulating reasonable treatment plans.

Efficacy comparison of robot-assisted anterior column screw and anterior subcutaneous internal fixation for the treament of unstable pelvic fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive anterior column screw placement assisted by orthopedic robot with anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (INFIX) in the treatment of unstable pelvic fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze 42 patients (25 males and 17 females; aged 16-68 years [(41.8±3.2)years] with unstable pelvic fracture admitted to Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital from June 2018 to December 2021. Anterior column screw group ( n=22) received orthopedic robot-assisted anterior column screw fixation of anterior pelvic ring fracture, and INFIX group ( n=20) received subcutaneous INFIX of anterior pelvic ring fracture. Posterior pelvic ring injuries were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous sacroiliac screw internal fixation. The operation time of anterior pelvic ring fixation, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, off-bed activity time when the visual analogue scale (VAS) was<3 points during weight-bearing and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. The quality of pelvic fracture reduction was assessed according to the Matta scoring criteria at 2 days after surgery. The Majeed functional score was used to assess the functional status at the last follow-up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in both groups. Results:All patients were followed up for 6-24 months [(11.3±0.5)months].The operation time of anterior pelvic ring fixation was (33.4±2.6)minutes in anterior column screw group and (30.2±2.9)minutes in INFIX group ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss was (15.9±3.1)ml in anterior column screw group and (41.4±6.2)ml in INFIX group ( P<0.01). The intraoperative fluoroscopy times were 12.2±2.4 in anterior column screw group and 14.7±2.5 in INFIX group ( P>0.05). The off-bed activity time was (3.2±0.4) weeks in anterior column screw group and (6.6±1.2)weeks in INFIX group ( P<0.01). The fracture healing time was (12.7±1.4)weeks in anterior column screw group and (16.2±1.9) weeks in INFIX group ( P<0.01). According to Matta scoring criteria, the excellent and good rate of posterior pelvic ring reduction quality was 100% in both groups, while the excellent and good rate of the quality of anterior pelvic ring reduction was 100% (excellent in 16 patients and good in 6) in anterior column screw group compared with 90.0% (excellent in 11 patients, good in 7, and fair in 2) in INFIX group ( P<0.05). During the final follow-up, the excellent and good rate of Majeed functional score was 90.9% (excellent in 16 patients, good in 4 and fair in 2) in anterior column screw group, significantly different from 80.0% (excellent in 10 patients, good in 6 and fair in 4) in INFIX group ( P<0.05). During the operation, no important tissue injuries such as blood vessels, nerves or spermatic cord occurred in either group. In anterior column screw group, no postoperative complications such as infection, spermatic cord injury or implant breakage occurred; in INFIX group, there were 2 patients with incision fat liquefaction, 4 with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve symptoms and 1 with heterotopic ossification, without the occurrence of implant breakage. Conclusion:Compared with anterior subcutaneous INFIX, orthopedic robot-assisted anterior column screw internal fixation for the treatment of unstable pelvic fracture has advantages of less bleeding, earlier tambulation, faster fracture healing, better fracture reduction quality, more satisfied postoperative functional recovery, and fewer complications.

Comparison of robot-assisted and open surgery in the treatment of renal carcinoma with Mayo Ⅰ-Ⅲ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To compare the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted and open surgery in the treatment of renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava cancer thrombus, and to analyze the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted radical nephrectomy. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 55 patients surgically treated for renal carcinoma with Mayo Ⅰ-Ⅲ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus during Dec.2015 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the operation methods, the patients were divided into the robotic surgery group (n=36) and open surgery group (n=19). The perioperative data, oncological results and survival of the two groups were compared. 【Results】 All operations were successful. The median operation time was 176 (IQR:137-234) min, and grade Ⅲ and above complications occurred in 9(16.4%) cases. The robotic surgery group had lower intraoperative blood loss [300 (IQR:200-625) mL vs.1 000 (IQR:600-1 184) mL] and blood transfusion ratio [(20/36) vs. (18/19)] than the open surgery group, but higher postoperative hemoglobin level[109(98-120) g/L vs. 90(84-100) g/L]. During a median follow-up of 26 (IQR:19-39) months, 19(34.5%) patients developed new metastases and 12(21.8%) patients died. The postoperative tumor-specific survival (HR=0.39, 95%CI:0.13-1.16, P=0.090) and overall survival (HR=0.71, 95%CI:0.22-2.23,P=0.554) were not significantly different between the two groups. 【Conclusion】 There are no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications, tumor-specific survival and overall survival between robot-assisted and open surgery for Mayo Ⅰ-Ⅲ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, but the intraoperative blood loss in robotic group is lower than that in the open surgery group.

Key surgical techniques in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus / 现代泌尿外科杂志

The mainstay of treatment for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus is complete surgical excision, which can be facilitated by appropriate preoperative evaluation and detailed planning. The level of tumor thrombus, the presence or absence of thrombus and the invasion of vein wall are important variables affecting surgery. For cases complicated with adherent or invasive tumor thrombus, en bloc resection of the IVC with or without venous reconstruction represents a special decision-making. This review will describe the evolving surgical techniques and key points of robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy.

Robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of trigeminal neuralgia treatment in elderly patients with percutaneous balloon compression assisted by a robotic surgical navigation and positioning planning system.Methods:Eleven elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University between August 2021 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, a three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence with variable flip angles and thin-slice CT scans were performed before the procedure, and multimodal image fusion was performed by a robot workstation.The volume of Meckel's cave was calculated.Two paths were set up in the surgical planning: an actual puncture path, targeting the anterior inner quadrant of the internal foramen ovale, and a virtual path, used to plan the insertion depth of the balloon.The actual puncture path was completed under the guidance of the robotic arm adapter, and the virtual path for depth measurement was completed under lateral X-ray views of digital subtraction angiography.The balloon was placed at the predetermined depth and was inflated to form a pear shape to complete the procedure.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score was used to evaluate preoperative pain, and the Barrow Neurological Institute(BNI)facial numbness score was used to evaluate postoperative facial numbness.The patients were followed up for 1-12 months and the results were analyzed.Results:In all of the 11 patients, puncturing the foramen ovale and entry into the Meckel's cave were successfully conducted and the balloon was inflated to form a pear shape.Ten patients(90.9%)achieved complete remission immediately after the procedure, and 1 patient had delayed healing at 5 days after the procedure.There were no serious complications related to the procedure.There was no recurrence of pain during the follow-up, and the BNI numbness grading was between 2-3.The ratio between the inflated balloon volume and the preoperative volume of the Meckel's cave was approximately 1.7.Conclusions:Robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression is safe and effective for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients.

Research on clinical efficacy of robot navigation assistance in the treatment of elderly femoral tuberosity fractures / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects robot navigation assisted and conventional proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) implantation and fixation in the treatment of elderly femoral trochanteric fractures.Methods:A total of 86 elderly patients with tuberosity fracture of the femur were admitted as research samples from January to March in 2022 in the Department of Trauma Orthopaedic, Xi′an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University, including 37 males and 49 females, who aged from 63 to 92 years, with an average age of (79.6 ± 6.9) years. All patients were treated with intramedullary nails (PFNA), 32 with dimensity robotic-assisted therapy (robot group) and 54 with traditional methods (conventional group). The length of incision, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and the operation time were recorded. The occurrence of postoperative complications in the two groups was observed. The rate of excellent hip Harris score at 3 month after surgery was compared between the two groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as mean ± standard deviation( ± s), and the comparison between groups was conducted using the t-test; the comparison of count data were represented as [ n(%)], and was conducted by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability between groups. Results:All patients were followed up for 9 to 12 months, with an average of (10.6 ± 0.9) months. The incision length and tip apex distance (TAD) of the robot group were (3.40±0.82) cm and (21.85±1.44) mm, which were smaller than (4.82±0.75) cm and (26.83±1.75) mm in the conventional group ( P<0.05 for all). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and guide needle adjustment [(14.53±3.26) and 0 times] in the robot group were less than those in the conventional group [(20.67±4.84) and (2.83±1.42)] ( P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and drainage rate of the robot group were (87.03±9.41) and (46.40±8.91) mL, which were smaller than that of the conventional group [(110.00±12.52) and (69.62±10.22) mL] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of days of hospitalization and operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the robot group was 9.4%, which was lower than that in conventional group (42.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.88, P=0.036). The excellent rate of postoperative hip joint function in the robot group was 75.0%, and the conventional group was 66.7%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.66, P=0.416). Conclusion:Robot-assisted navigation downward PFNA surgery can have good clinical effect in the treatment of femoral tuberosity fracture in the elderly, which can reduce the number of surgical incisions and intraoperative fluoroscopy, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, which is helpful to achieve minimally invasive surgery and rapid recovery of elderly patients with femoral tuberosity fracture.

Multicenter comparative study of open, laparoscopic, and robotic pyeloplasty in the pediatric population for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dismembered open pyeloplasty described by Anderson and Hynes is the "gold standard" for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The aim of our study was to compare the results of open (OP) vs laparoscopic (LP) vs robotic (RALP) pyeloplasty. Material and Methods: A multicenter prospective review was conducted of pyeloplasty surgeries performed at five high-volume centers between 2014 and 2018. Demographic data, history of prenatal hydronephrosis, access type, MAG3 renogram and differential renal function, surgery time, length of hospital stay, and complication rate (Clavien-Dindo) were recorded. Access type was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. Results: A total of 322 patients were included: 62 OP, 86 LP, and 174 RALP. The mean age was 8.13 (r: 1-16) years, with a statistically significant lower age (mean 5 years) in OP (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the side affected. Operative time was 110.5 min for OP, 140 min for LP, and 179 min for RALP (p < 0.0001). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the RALP group than in the other groups (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in postoperative complications and reoperations between the three groups. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery for the management of UPJO in children is gaining more acceptance, even in patients younger than 1-year-old. Operative time continues to be significantly shorter in OP than in LP and RALP. Hospital stay was shorter in RALP compared to the other techniques. No differences were found in complication rates, type of complications, and reoperation rate.

Características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica / Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN. La cirugía robótica se realiza gracias al sistema telemanipulado, alcanzando tareas repetitivas, precisas y mínimamente invasivas. En Ecuador inició en el año 2016, incluyendo este procedimiento a pediatría en el 2021. OBJETIVO. Describir las características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal analítico. Población de 278 y muestra de 40 datos de historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica de agosto del 2021 a marzo del 2022 en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes adultos, haber sido intervenidos quirúrgicamente por técnicas abiertas o laparoscópica. La información se obtuvo del sistema AS400; se creó una base de datos anonimizando a los pacientes. Se aplicó un análisis univariado y para determinar significancia estadística se utilizó la prueba de Chi-2. La información recolectada fue analizada en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTADOS: De los pacientes del estudio: 45,00% (18; 40) era adolescente. El 52,50% (21; 40) no presentó comorbilidades. 50,00% (20; 40) de las intervenciones fueron colecistectomía. 55% (22; 40) fué por diagnóstico prequirúrgico y posquirúrgico gastrointestinal y hepático. El 95,00% (38; 40) no presentó complicaciones. El 100% (40; 40) presentó sangrado G1. El 97,50% (39; 40) no presentó eventos, y el 72,5% (29; 40) no presentó dolor. El promedio de peso de los pacientes fue 41 kilogramos, con una media de 3 días de estancia hospitalaria, un promedio de 65 minutos de cirugía total y 15 minutos de docking, los cuales son estadísticamente significativos con una p= 0,001. CONCLUSIONES. Se registró las características clínicas y resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por cirugía robótica. La cirugía robótica se aplicó con seguridad en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín.

INTRODUCTION. Robotic surgery is performed thanks to the telemanipulated system, achieving repetitive, precise and minimally invasive tasks. In Ecuador it started in the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín in 2016, including this procedure to pediatrics in 2021. OBJECTIVE. To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric patients operated by robotic surgery. MATERIALS and METHODS. Analytical cross-sectional study. Population of 278 and sample of 40 data from electronic medical records of pediatric patients operated by robotic surgery from August 2021 to March 2022 at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital. Inclusion criteria: pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery at the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. Exclusion criteria: adult patients, having undergone open or laparoscopic surgery. The information was obtained from the AS400 system; a database was created by anonymizing the patients. Univariate analysis was applied and the Chi-2 test was used to determine statistical significance. The information collected was analyzed in the statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: Of the patients in the study: 45,00% (18; 40) were adolescents. 52,50% (21; 40) had no comorbidities. 50,00% (20; 40) of the interventions were cholecystectomy. 55% (22; 40) were for preoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal and hepatic diagnosis. 95,00% (38; 40) had no complications. 100% (40; 40) presented G1 bleeding. 97.50% (39; 40) did not present events, and 72,5% (29; 40) did not present pain. The average weight of the patients was 41 kilograms, with a mean hospital stay of 3 days, an average of 65 minutes of total surgery and 15 minutes of docking, which are statistically significant with a p= 0,001. CONCLUSIONS. The clinical characteristics and surgical results of pediatric patients who underwent robotic surgery were recorded. Robotic surgery was safely applied in pediatric patients at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital.

Surgeon experience, robotic perioperative outcomes, and complications in gynecology

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Robotic surgery is currently on the rise and has been widely applied all over the world. Gynecology offers great opportunities for the development of innovative techniques due to the magnitude of surgical needs. The aim of this study was to correlate perioperative complications, surgical time, and length of hospital stay with surgical diagnosis, procedure performed, and surgeon experience in robot-assisted gynecological surgeries in a 10-year period. METHODS: This was a retrospective, transversal, cross-sectional study involving 632 patients who underwent robotic gynecological surgery from January 2008 to December 2017 in a community hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Medical records of robot-assisted gynecological operations were searched for perioperative complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay, correlating these outcomes with surgical diagnosis, procedure performed, and surgeon experience, considering those with 20 or less robotic procedures and surgeons with more than 20 cases in their career as in-training or qualified surgeons, respectively. RESULTS: Endometriosis (381 cases) was the most common surgical indication, followed by uterine myoma (171 patients). Qualified surgeons had 64% less complications than in-training surgeons (p=0.03) and achieved 20% lower surgical time and 15% shorter length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: In this study, qualified surgeons with more than 20 robotic procedures had better perioperative outcomes and less complications than in-training surgeons during their first 20 robotic surgeries.